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Retro glaze chemistry calculation - 1980

I did this batch-to-formula glaze chemistry calculation to help a potter with a transparent cone 10 glaze for a Plainsman P500 (a 25x4 porcelain). This version of Desktop Insight ran on the TRS-80 Model I and III, they were the first popular consumer microcomputers for business (outselling Apple 5-to-1). Notice the report uses capital letters; the machines did not support lower case! The dot matrix printers of the time lasted forever on an ink ribbon. Fanfold paper fed from a box, I could tear off only as much as was needed for a report. Boot time was less than 5 seconds. Here is what is amazing: In 2021 I found this same recipe in my Insight-live account (the green screenshot)! The results are a little different; I had the chemistry of talc wrong in 1980. Through the years, I wrote code to migrate from one system to another, and eventually it got to Digitalfire.

Related Pictures

Glaze calculation in the 1960s

This picture has its own page with more detail, click here to see it.

This batch-to-formula calculation was done by Albert E. Holthaus at Modern Art Products Company in Kansas City, MO (during the 1960s). Doing this not only seems quaint today, but suppliers put up roadblocks to doing it.

Notice that he took the manufacturer-supplied percentage analysis for each material (bottom) and calculated the unity formula for use in his batch to formula calculation (top). The recipe material weight amounts are missing in the latter; this appears to be his effort to create a documentation page of the recipe on the oxide formula level (this is what mattered to him). It was a time when frit formulas were published by their manufacturers. He also calculated the glaze's chemistry as a percentage analysis, likely to lay a basis to assess it against stated requirements from stain suppliers (certain stains only work when the host glaze chemistry meets a certain profile).

Doing this now is so much simpler. But almost no one actually does! The closest most technicians get to oxide formulas is choosing a frit from a list of ones for which the chemistry given by the manufacturer is only approximate.

Digitalfire Insight 4.1 for DOS in 1983

This picture has its own page with more detail, click here to see it.

This was on the IBM-PC. Until then, Insight was running on Tandy TRS-80 Model 1 and 3 computers. The program was shipped by mail on 5.25" floppy disks. It was lightning fast, recalculating the chemistry instantly. It could handle as many 1000 recipes on a 1.44MB floppy disk and knew about 100 materials and their chemistry. While only one recipe could be open at a time, notice that a reference formula could be displayed (to compare with a calculation). Many stuck with the old DOS version of Insight well into the 2000s (and some even into the 2020s). Up until Windows XP, DOS programs could be run by simply double-clicking their program files (today DOSBOX or DOS running on a virtual machine are used). My recipe collection and associated data migrated to the Windows desktop Insight, then to 4Sight and finally into Insight-live and Digitalfire.

Digitalfire Insight in 1984

On a Macintosh 128K and IBM PC.

This picture has its own page with more detail, click here to see it.

These were the machines that put the microcomputer revolution into the mainstream. Insight had already been available for years. This was 12 years before the Internet. Computers like this cost the equivalent of $10,000+ today. Programmers and geeks were the early customers. It was expected that PC users would write their own software (the instruction manual taught programming). Early Mac users used the bundled programs to play around with MacPaint and MacWrite. Lotus 1-2-3 and WordStar for the PC had just appeared. Microsoft Excel and Word for DOS, Windows and Mac were still years away. To most businesses, machines like these were just a curiosity.

Modern PCs are 1000+ times faster and have a minimum of 250,000 times more memory! Yet with efficient programming, both of these original machines had plenty of power to do glaze chemistry and recipe management at amazing speeds and efficiency. Both could store more recipes than multiple large three-ring binders and find them far more quickly.

Videos

Links

Articles	Glaze Chemistry Basics - Formula, Analysis, Mole%, Unity Part of changing your viewpoint of glazes, from a collection of materials to a collection of oxides, is learning what a formula and analysis are, how conversion between the two is done and how unity and LOI impact this.
Glossary	Digitalfire Insight A downloadable program for Windows, Mac, Linux for doing classic ceramic glaze chemistry. It has been used around the world since the early 1980s.

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